A markup language is used to describe data rather than logic. A typical use of them is to describe document formating, HTML is designed for this for example. But they are sometimes used as general data formats as well, XML is a markup language that is often used to just describe data.
The difference between compiled languages and scripting languages is very fuzzy, both tend to be turing complete in that you can solve any computable problems with them.
There are some general ‘hints’ that you can look for to see if a language is a programming language or not.
- Scripting Languages are often interpreted rather than compiled, or at least provide the option of being interpreted.
- Scripting Languages are often built to be fast to work with rather than fast to run.
- Scripting Languages tend to come with very extensive standard libraries. Many programming languages do as well, but it is more optional for them.
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